The Boxer Rebellion was an uprising against foreigners in which country?

China.

The Boxer Rebellion, also known as the Boxer Uprising or Yihetuan Movement, was a significant anti-foreign, anti-colonial, and anti-Christian uprising that took place in China towards the end of the Qing dynasty, between 1899 and 1901. This violent movement was led by the “Boxers,” officially known as the “Righteous and Harmonious Fists,” a secret society composed primarily of peasants who practiced martial arts. They were called “Boxers” by Westerners because of their martial arts skills and physical exercises, which they believed made them invulnerable to bullets and endowed them with supernatural abilities.

The roots of the Boxer Rebellion lay in a complex web of factors, including economic distress among the peasantry, anger towards foreign missionaries and Chinese Christians, resentment against the Qing dynasty for its inability to defend China against foreign powers, and the humiliation of China through unequal treaties and territorial concessions to foreign powers. The Boxers believed that by expelling foreign influence, they could restore China’s sovereignty and return to traditional Chinese ways of life.

The uprising began in Shandong province and quickly spread to other parts of Northern China, including the capital, Beijing. The Boxers attacked foreign missionaries, Chinese Christians, and embassies, laying siege to the Beijing Legation Quarter, where many foreigners and Chinese Christians sought refuge. In response, an eight-nation alliance comprising Japan, Russia, Britain, France, the United States, Germany, Italy, and Austria-Hungary formed a multinational military force. In August 1900, this force intervened to lift the siege of the Legation Quarter and suppress the uprising.

The aftermath of the Boxer Rebellion had significant consequences for China. The Qing government was forced to sign the Boxer Protocol in 1901, which imposed severe penalties on China, including huge indemnities, the execution of government officials who had supported the Boxers, and military occupation of parts of China by foreign powers. The Rebellion and its suppression accelerated the decline of the Qing dynasty and increased calls for reform and modernization, leading to the eventual 1911 revolution that overthrew the dynasty and led to the establishment of the Republic of China.