Question: Scurvy is caused by a lack of which vitamin?
Show answer
Vitamin C.
Scurvy, a historically significant disease often associated with sailors from centuries past, is caused by a deficiency of vitamin C, scientifically known as ascorbic acid. This vitamin is crucial for the synthesis of collagen, a vital component in connective tissues, skin, blood vessels, and bones. Without an adequate intake of vitamin C, these structures weaken, leading to the various symptoms characteristic of scurvy.
Symptoms of scurvy can be severe and include fatigue, weakness, swollen and bleeding gums, joint pain, anemia, and, in its advanced stages, open sores on the skin and loss of teeth. The body’s ability to heal from wounds is also significantly compromised without sufficient vitamin C. If left untreated, scurvy can be fatal, primarily due to infections or bleeding complications.
Historically, scurvy was a significant concern, especially for sailors on long sea voyages. They would spend months without access to fresh fruits and vegetables, the primary sources of vitamin C. It was British naval surgeon James Lind, in the mid-18th century, who made the pioneering discovery connecting citrus fruits to the prevention of scurvy. Following his findings, the British Navy began to provide sailors with lemon or lime juice, an effective preventative measure that led to British sailors earning the nickname “limeys.”
In modern times, scurvy is relatively rare, mainly because vitamin C is readily available in a variety of foods. Citrus fruits like oranges, lemons, and grapefruits are well-known sources, but the vitamin is also abundant in bell peppers, strawberries, broccoli, and tomatoes. Given the wide availability of these foods and the inclusion of ascorbic acid in many dietary supplements, most people in developed nations receive an ample supply of vitamin C.
However, it’s essential to be aware that while the body needs vitamin C to function correctly, excessive intake doesn’t offer additional health benefits and can lead to gastrointestinal disturbances. Like many things in life, balance is key. Ensuring a diet rich in a variety of fruits and vegetables will typically provide all the vitamin C necessary for good health and to ward off conditions like scurvy.
